Sunday, May 27, 2012

Art appreciation, self-reflection may go together in the brain

Art appreciation, self-reflection may go together in the brain

April 26, 2012
Courtesy
and World Science staff

A net­work of brain struc­tures ac­ti­vat­ed dur­ing in­tense aes­thet­ic ex­pe­ri­ences over­laps with an­other that’s as­so­ci­at­ed with in­ward con­templa­t­ion and self-assessment, re­search­ers have found.

New York Uni­vers­ity sci­en­tists asked 16 paid study sub­jects, hav­ing slight to mod­er­ate lev­els of past ex­po­sure or educa­t­ion in art, to ex­am­ine 109 im­ages of pic­tures from mu­se­ums in a database. The art­works were from a wide range of cul­tures, time pe­ri­ods and styles, in­clud­ing some ab­stract works; none were par­tic­u­larly fa­mous.

Sub­jects were asked to rate each work based on how strongly it “moved” them—not fo­cus­ing nec­es­sarily on beau­ty, but rath­er on what struck them as “pow­er­ful, pleas­ing, or pro­found.” Dur­ing all this, their brain ac­ti­vity was scanned with a tech­nol­o­gy called func­tion­al mag­net­ic res­o­nance im­ag­ing.

There was lit­tle agree­ment among view­ers in terms of which art­works re­ceived their high­est rat­ings—fours, on a scale from one to four. But one con­sist­ent find­ing was that a spe­cif­ic net­work of brain re­gions went in­to ac­tion for view­ers as they looked at those art­works that they found spe­cial, ac­cord­ing to the re­search­ers.

The net­work con­sisted of front­al ar­eas of the brain, just be­hind the fore­head, and “sub­cor­ti­cal” re­gions, which are rel­a­tively deep in the brain. This ac­ti­vity al­so in­clud­ed sev­er­al re­gions be­long­ing to the brain’s “de­fault mode net­work,” which had pre­vi­ously been as­so­ci­at­ed with self-referential think­ing, the in­ves­ti­ga­tors said.

“Aes­thetic judg­ments for paint­ings are highly in­di­vid­ual, in that the paint­ings ex­pe­ri­enced as mov­ing dif­fer widely across peo­ple,” they wrote, re­port­ing their find­ings in the jour­nal Fron­tiers in Hu­man Neu­ro­sci­ence. “But the neu­ral sys­tems sup­port­ing aes­thet­ic reac­tions re­main largely the same from per­son to per­son. More­o­ver, the most mov­ing paint­ings pro­duce a se­lec­tive ac­tiva­t­ion of a net­work of brain re­gions which is known to ac­tivate when we think about per­sonally rel­e­vant mat­ters such as our own per­sonal­ity traits and day­dreams, or when we con­template our fu­ture.”





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